Emerging Therapies for Clostridium difficile Infection
Affiliation
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Little Rock, AR
Corresponding Author
Rachael McCaleb, PharmD, BCPS, W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR , Tel: (501) 603-1418; E-mail: rmccaleb@uams.edu
Citation
McCaleb, V.R. Emerging therapies for Clostridium difficile infection (2017) J Pharm Pharmaceutics 4(2): 172- 178.
Copy rights
© 2017 McCaleb, V.R. This is an Open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Keywords
Abstract
Objective: To review the current literature on emerging antibiotic and non-antibiotic therapies for treatment and prevention of recurrence of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI).
Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed (1975 to November 2017), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to November 2017), and MEDLINE (1946 to November 2017) to identify studies for inclusion. The following search terms were used: Clostridium difficile, C. difficile infection, ridinilazole, cadazolid, bezlotoxumab, fecal microbiota transplantation.
Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language phase II to III studies evaluating efficacy and/or safety of ridinilazole, cadazolid, bezlotoxumab, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) were included.
Data Synthesis: Phase II clinical data demonstrates that ridinilazole and cadazolid provide an improved sustained clinical response rate compared to vancomycin. The currently approved monoclonal antibody, bezlotoxumab, has demonstrated protection against recurrent CDI when used in combination with oral standard-of-care antibiotics. FMT may be a potential option for patients with recurrent CDI; however, the data is limited to relatively small, open-label trials in patients with multiple recurrences of CDI. Newer therapies currently in clinical trials have shown to be effective in treating and preventing recurrence of CDI.
Conclusion: There are a number of promising agents currently in development that could provide new options for treatment and prevention of recurrent CDI.
